Isotopes - different # neutrons ions - charged ionic - metal to nonmetal molecular - all nonmetals conversions - cm -> in, etc prefixes - milli, micro, nano, etc Avogadro's Number - 6.02 x 1023 "parts" naming - CaS - cacium sulfide, etc formula - aluminum phosphate - AlPO4 group - halogens, etc intensive/extensive properties - color, mass, etc density - d=m/v, etc pure substances mixtures period - levels, etc C-> K K-> C solutions/dilutions moles from mass or volume if gas oxidation numbers in formula KMnO4 - K = +1, O = 2- so Mn must be 7+ acids/bases titration - m1v1 = m2v2 stoichiometry - reaction balance empirical formula - example carbohydrates - CH2O % yield effusion - gas passing through pores PV = nRT P - T V - T P - 1/V unpaired electrons quantum numbers - what's ok heat capacity - remember the unit is joules Q = m x c x delta-t Calculation delta-H from reactions - because you multiply by the number of moles, the mol unit goes away. electronegativity - F is most atomic radius specific heat - heat capacity divided by mass to get J/g C valence electrons - read the group number enthalpy of formation - formation is from elements so reactants always equal 0 Lewis structure shape - tetrahedral - all angles and lengths the same, triangular pyramid - not all same length sides triangluar planar - 3 bonds to central atom resonance - multiple possibilities for drawing because can't prove bonds in one place. global warming - what wavelengths absorbed, what transmitted, etc - effect of particles in air s, p, d, f - blocks of the periodic table